Canine Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways that causes persistent coughing and difficulty breathing in dogs. Although it is not curable, it can be managed—for a time—with treatment and thoughtful supportive care. This guide will walk you through the condition, available treatment options, how to provide comfort when disease control begins to fail, and when it might be time to consider euthanasia.

As a hospice and palliative care veterinarian practicing in New York City, my goal is always this: regardless of the path you choose, to make sure your dog’s remaining time here on Earth is full of love and comfort. If your options are confusing or you aren’t sure how to know when it’s time for euthanasia, please consider scheduling a quality-of-life teleconsult with one of our doctors.

Chronic bronchitis is an inflammatory disease of the lower airways that leads to prolonged or recurrent coughing, wheezing, and labored breathing. Unlike acute bronchitis—often infection-based and short-lived—chronic bronchitis causes structural changes in the bronchial walls and does not reverse.

This condition is most commonly diagnosed in small and toy breeds, particularly Toy Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, Chihuahuas, Maltese, and Pomeranians. It is seen most often in middle-aged to older dogs, though any breed can be affected.

• Corticosteroids (such as prednisone): These reduce airway inflammation and are often the primary treatment. Many dogs show comfort and improved breathing—but long-term use may lead to side effects like increased thirst, urination, appetite, and risk of infection.

• Bronchodilators: These help relax and open the airways, making breathing easier. Some dogs benefit significantly, though side effects like restlessness or gastrointestinal upset may occur.

• Cough suppressants: Used selectively when coughing is excessive and disruptive. Since coughing is also a protective reflex, these medications are prescribed with care.

Inhaled corticosteroids or bronchodilators via spacer and mask can deliver medication directly to the lungs with fewer systemic effects—ideal for long-term inflammation control.

• Eliminate airway irritants such as smoke, dust, aerosols, and perfumes.

• Use an air purifier indoors.

• Maintain lean body condition; excess weight can worsen breathing.

• Gentle, regular exercise to maintain lung function.

• Keeping the air humidified to ease breathing.

• Prompt treatment of respiratory infections to prevent flare-ups.

Many dogs manage well for extended periods with consistent treatment. For others, symptoms may return more frequently or gradually worsen.

When disease control becomes more difficult, the focus often shifts to comfort. Palliative care aims to minimize suffering and maximize your dog’s well-being.

• Adjust medications to balance symptom control with side effects.

• Provide oxygen therapy at home during acute flare-ups.

• Create a low-stress environment—stress and excitement can worsen coughing.

• Maintain regular communication with your veterinarian to adapt the care plan as needed.

The primary goal of palliative care is to preserve dignity and ease, even if the disease cannot be fully controlled.

Chronic bronchitis often progresses gradually, making the decision of when to say goodbye deeply personal and heart-wrenching. I highly recommend creating a comprehensive end-of-life care plan for your dog as early as possible—ideally at diagnosis.

A comprehensive end-of-life care plan includes:

• Clarifying which treatments you would or would not pursue:

  • Would you stay on corticosteroids long-term?

  • Would you consider inhaled therapy if stress becomes too much?

  • Are you open to emergency oxygen hospitalization or would you prefer in-home alternatives?

  • As your dog’s condition evolves, do you have the time and presence to monitor them?

  • Do you want to ensure your dog passes away peacefully at home rather than at a hospital?

• Establishing objective criteria for euthanasia, such as:

  • Persistent, exhausting coughing that interferes with rest and sleep despite therapy.

  • Significant weight loss or muscle wasting in spite of nutritional support.

  • Frequent difficulty breathing at rest, even with oxygen support.

  • Panic or anxiety episodes triggered by breathing struggles.

  • Marked disinterest in favorite activities, affection, or surroundings.

It’s much easier to make compassionate decisions when you’re calm. During emergencies, panic can lead to regretful choices.

I also recommend keeping a simple daily journal, such as marking “😊” for a good day or “☹” for a difficult one. You can also jot down small moments you shared. These entries can help you focus on each day’s value and provide clarity during hard times.

Our comprehensive Quality of Life Scale can assist in objectively tracking your dog’s comfort. It can be taken once to assess current status or repeatedly to notice trends.

Finally, the most loving choice is often to say goodbye before suffering becomes severe. This gives your dog a peaceful last day—a dignified farewell. Unfortunately, waiting until a crisis can lead to rushed decisions or stressful emergency scenarios.

Chronic bronchitis in dogs is a persistent condition that often requires lifelong management. Many dogs live comfortably for extended periods with medical and supportive care. If you would like individualized support in maximizing your dog’s comfort near the end and crafting a compassionate end-of-life care plan, consider a teleconsult with one of our doctors. 

Q: What are the signs of chronic bronchitis in dogs?
A: Common signs include persistent coughing lasting more than two months, wheezing, exercise intolerance, and labored breathing.

Q: How is chronic bronchitis treated in dogs?
A: Treatment may include corticosteroids, bronchodilators, cough suppressants, inhaled therapy, and environmental management to reduce airway irritation.

Q: Can chronic bronchitis in dogs be cured?
A: No. Chronic bronchitis causes permanent changes in the lungs, but treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Q: Which dog breeds are most at risk for chronic bronchitis?
A: The condition is most common in small and toy breeds such as Toy Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, Chihuahuas, Maltese, and Pomeranians.

Q: When should I consider euthanasia for a dog with chronic bronchitis?
A: If your dog has constant coughing, labored breathing at rest, frequent flare-ups, or loss of joy in daily life, euthanasia may be the most compassionate choice.